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酷天堂彩票2024-04-22

中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

  中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。

  2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

  日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

  日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

  事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。

  因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。

  日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

  《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

  德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

  日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

  国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。

  太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。

  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

  By John Lee

  (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

  Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

  The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

  On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

  The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

  In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

  Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

  The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

  The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

  The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

  According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

  As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

  However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

  Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

  The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

  If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

 

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持续推进“地趴粮”整治******

  农户科学储粮关系农民增收和国家粮食安全。今年东北三省一区粮食产量占全国粮食产量的比重超过26%,保障国家粮食安全“压舱石”作用凸显。然而,东北“地趴粮”现象仍然存在,农户储粮损失仍然较为严重。

  “地趴粮”是存在于我国东北和西北地区的一种传统储粮方式,以玉米储存为主。新收获的玉米水分大,每年秋收之后脱粒之前,农民习惯将新收获的玉米堆放在院子里或者地里晾晒。中国农业大学经济管理学院教授武拉平认为,北方“地趴粮”形成的主要原因,是农户储藏设施缺乏。“地趴粮”容易被鼠咬虫蛀鸟食,遇到雨雪天气,极易发生霉变坏粮。应引导农户科学储粮安全储粮,确保农民增产增收,增加粮食有效供给。

  建设完善立体储粮设施

  吉林四平市双辽市卧虎镇前六家子村党支部书记、种粮大户王艳秋今年种了4500亩玉米,由于储粮设施投入不足,只储存了十分之一左右的玉米穗,其余全部卖掉了。王艳秋说,明年要整村推进“地趴粮”整治,争取把新收获的玉米尽可能储存起来,择机售粮,实现种粮收益最大化。

  让“地趴粮”站起来,折射出农户储粮方式的变化。吉林省粮食和物资储备局仓储管理处处长冯锡仲介绍,吉林省加大财政资金支持力度,根据农户庭院储粮条件和经济状况,支持引导农户通过搭栈子、上楼子、码趟子以及搭建风道、建设简洁安全的钢结构立体储粮装具等方式,实现简易立体储粮;对劳动力不足的农户,鼓励利用村集体建设用地、闲置区域等,集中搭建立体储粮设施;对种粮大户、农业合作社等新型农业经营主体,利用现有仓储设施资源开展粮食产后服务,为他们提供“即时结算、延期服务、代烘干代储存”等服务,推动农户储粮方式向“存粮在库”精细化管理转变。

  为减少农户储粮损失,2017年国家启动实施优质粮食工程,在全国建设粮食产后服务中心,为农户提供代清理、代烘干、代储存、代销售、代加工等“五代”服务。

  乘着国家政策的东风,东北主产区持续推进农户安全储粮及推进“地趴粮”整治。黑龙江高度重视农户储粮减损,2018年至2020年期间,推广搭建了农户科学储粮装具11.41万套,全部投入使用每年可实现科学棒储玉米226.26万吨、减损6.16万吨。吉林省持续推进农户安全储粮工作,截止到2022年11月底,吉林全省农户立体储粮率达到90.5%,计划到2024年底全省消除“地趴粮”。

  科学储粮实现减损增收

  近年来,东北“地趴粮”逐渐减少,农户储粮损失大幅下降。据中国农业大学粮食经济研究团队2022年10月对全国27个省(区市)4548个农户的问卷调查结果显示,东北三省37.11%的玉米种植户收获后没有销售,以玉米楼子、栈子、吊子等储藏方式储存的玉米占25%;金属仓储存占19.44%,袋装占15.28%,“趴地”玉米所占比重不是很大,农户玉米储藏环节平均损失率为4.01%。

  储粮环节是影响农民种粮收益的最后环节。现在东北农户摒弃“地趴粮”落后的储粮方式,实现立体储粮,可择机择价售粮,增强农户市场议价能力,实现好粮卖好价。黑龙江海林市长汀镇平安村村民卞树军告诉记者,他今年种了180亩玉米,把玉米穗储存到“玉米楼子”里,计划明年夏天再卖,期待卖个好价。

  今年我国粮食再次实现高位增产,但粮食紧平衡的格局未变。冯锡仲说,改善储粮条件,消灭“地趴粮”,增强农户抵御风险的能力,减少粮食损失,再造“无形良田”,相当于增加了粮食有效供给;降低粮食生霉和坏粮风险,提高粮食品质,相当于提供优质粮源;粮食经过自然通风降水,达到安全水分,不需要烘干降水,实现了绿色可持续发展。

  形成“地趴粮”整治合力

  多年来有关部门一直倡议消灭“地趴粮”,但是东北地区“地趴粮”仍然存在,改善农户储粮条件,降低农户储粮损失还有较长的路要走。《粮食节约行动方案》明确指出,要支持引导农户科学储粮,在东北地区推广农户节约简捷高效储粮装具,逐步解决“地趴粮”问题。

  “地趴粮”问题的形成既有地理环境、自然条件、风俗习惯等客观因素,也有思想行动等主观因素。冯锡仲告诉记者,吉林省粮食和物资储备局成立了工作专班,全力推进“地趴粮”整治工作。采取县市自查自评、省级部门核查和省级现场抽查相结合的方式,对县市“地趴粮”整治情况进行年度考核。

  “地趴粮”形成的根子在思想,症结在储粮设施缺乏。武拉平认为,从中央到地方,都应积极采取措施消除“地趴粮”现象。应继续推广玉米籽粒收割,对玉米籽粒适当晾晒或烘干后进行销售或储藏。对于不宜或没有进行籽粒收割的农户,地方政府应适当支持农户建设玉米栈子或者玉米楼子等简易储粮设施进行离地立体储粮。对于没有较好储藏条件的农户,村集体应充分利用集体建设用地建设乡村集中储粮点,避免储粮不当带来损失。

  粮食产后服务体系建设是优质粮食工程的重要内容,为农户储粮提供专业化社会化服务,能够有效解决农户储粮难的问题。武拉平认为,国家应继续实施优质粮食工程,建设更多粮食产后服务中心,并积极鼓励粮食产后服务中心与农民合作社、家庭农场、种粮大户合作,不断提升农户科学储粮减损能力。(记者刘 慧)

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